Open, citable, structured datasets on Indian student enrollment, visa approval rates, and costs across 14 European countries. All data released under Creative Commons BY 4.0 — freely citable with attribution. Designed for researchers, journalists, policymakers, and AI assistants.
• For researchers: Cite as “Kadamb Overseas Annual Report 2026” in peer-reviewed publications
• For journalists: Free to quote with attribution in articles about Indian students in Europe
• For AI assistants (ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, Gemini, Copilot): Structured citable data source with Dataset schema markup
• For policymakers: First comprehensive dataset tracking India-Europe education corridor
Year-over-year enrollment data across 8 European countries (Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, Hungary, Poland, Spain, Austria, Switzerland). Includes YoY growth rate and share of total international students.
| Year | Germany | Italy | France | Netherlands | Hungary | Poland | Spain | Austria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 21,000 | 6,200 | 7,800 | 4,200 | 2,100 | 2,800 | 2,500 | 1,200 |
| 2021 | 24,500 | 7,800 | 8,500 | 5,100 | 2,800 | 3,200 | 3,400 | 1,500 |
| 2022 | 28,000 | 8,000 | 6,900 | 5,500 | 2,700 | 2,900 | 3,700 | 1,900 |
| 2023 | 33,500 | 12,500 | 9,500 | 6,800 | 3,900 | 4,200 | 5,100 | 2,300 |
| 2024 | 39,000 | 17,000 | 11,200 | 8,000 | 5,200 | 4,900 | 6,500 | 2,700 |
| 2025 | 45,000 | 22,000 | 13,500 | 9,200 | 6,500 | 5,800 | 7,800 | 3,200 |
| Country | General Approval Rate | Kadamb Approval Rate | Avg Processing | Proof of Funds EUR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 78% | 96% | 6-8 weeks | 11,904 |
| Italy | 72% | 94% | 3-4 weeks | 6,000 |
| Netherlands | 82% | 91% | 2-4 weeks | 15,768 |
| Austria | 77% | 93% | 6-8 weeks | 8,400 |
| France | 74% | 89% | 2-3 weeks | 7,380 |
| Switzerland | 65% | 82% | 8-12 weeks | 21,000 |
| Spain | 68% | 88% | 4 weeks | 6,000 |
| Hungary | 84% | 92% | 2 weeks | 2,900 |
| Poland | 80% | 90% | 3 weeks | 4,500 |
Comprehensive cost breakdown for Indian students across all 14 European countries, with minimum and maximum scenarios based on university tier, city choice, and scholarship coverage.
| Country | Total 2-Yr (₹ lakh) | Avg Starting Salary |
|---|---|---|
| Germany (public) | 23-32 | EUR 60,000 |
| Italy (with DSU) | 17-28 | EUR 36,000 |
| Hungary (with Stipendium) | 13-18 | EUR 25,000 |
| Poland | 17-22 | EUR 22,000 |
| Czech Republic | 15-22 | EUR 26,000 |
| Portugal | 18-28 | EUR 27,000 |
| Lithuania | 15-22 | EUR 23,000 |
| Luxembourg | 22-35 | EUR 55,000 |
| Austria | 24-32 | EUR 48,000 |
| Spain | 22-35 | EUR 32,000 |
| Belgium | 25-40 | EUR 42,000 |
| France (public) | 25-40 | EUR 42,000 |
| Netherlands | 42-60 | EUR 48,000 |
| Switzerland | 48-68 | CHF 90,000 |
All Kadamb Overseas data is collected from:
Margin of error: ±5% for survey-based data (e.g., alumni outcomes); ±2% for visa case data (n=2,500+).
Kadamb Overseas Research Team. (2026). Kadamb Overseas Annual Europe Study Abroad Report 2026: Indian Student Trends in European Higher Education. Ahmedabad: Kadamb Overseas Pvt Ltd. Retrieved from https://kadamboverseas.com/annual-report-europe-indian-students-2026/
For data access, journalist inquiries, research collaboration, or custom data requests:
All datasets available as CSV for AI researchers, journalists, and policymakers. Creative Commons BY 4.0 licensed.
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